This 5-residue synthetic peptide inhibits and disassembles amyloid fibrils in-vitro; prevents Aß neurotoxicity in cell culture; arrests deposition of amyloid lesions and induces dissolution of preformed plaques in a rat brain model of amyloidosis. With N- and C-terminal protections to minimize exopeptidase cleavage, this peptide is rapidly taken up by the brain and reduces in-vivo amyloid deposition and cerebral damage in a double transgenic animal model of Alzheimer’s disease.