PACAP (1-38), amide, human, ovine, rat
- Cat.Number : AS-22519
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/secretin/glucagon family, has an amino acid sequence identity of 68% with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). PACAP38, derived from a 176-amino acid precursor (preproPACAP), is a 38-amino acid peptide discovered as an ovine hypothalamic neuropeptide. The amino acid sequence of PACAP is identical in all mammals, and in species such as chicken, frog, salmon, only 1–3 amino acids are different. It is abundant in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and exerts a variety of effects. PACAP in pancreatic islets may play a parasympathetic and sensory neurotransmitter role. PACAP stimulates insulin secretion from islets in a glucose-dependent manner at femtomolar concentrations, acting as an insulinotropic factor. PACAP and VIP are two multifunctional neuropeptides modulating innate and adaptive immunity. VIP/PACAP protect T cells from activation-induced cell death through down-regulation of Fas ligand. PACAP immunoreactivity has been shown in nerve fibers innervating the intrapancreatic ganglia as well as the islets of Langerhans in pancreas. PACAP (1-38) is more active than VIP in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM).
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Citations
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor exon IV expression through the VPAC1 receptor in the amphibian melanotrope cell
Endocrinology . 2008 May 01 ; 149(8) 4177 | DOI : 10.1210/en.2008-0131
- A. Kidane
Actions of PACAP and VIP on melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis
Peptides . 2007 Mar 30 ; 28(9) 1790 | DOI : 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.03.013
- A. Kidane
Stress peptide PACAP engages multiple signaling pathways within the carotid body to initiate excitatory responses in respiratory and sympathetic chemosensory afferents
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. . 2013 Apr 17 ; 304(12) R1070 | DOI : 10.1152/ajpregu.00465.2012
- A. Roy